Advances in technology are allowing us to learn that birds can travel huge distances under their own power. Very light GPS tracking equipment – less than 1.5 grams – can be used to track birds without hampering their flights.
Biologists who fitted GPS trackers to the aptly named wandering albatross have discovered that these large birds can travel at least 15,000 km (just under 10,000 miles) over the sea before returning to land. That’s like flying non-stop from Houston, Texas to Perth, Australia. Many commercial jets cannot do that!
Even more amazingly, the wandering albatross seems to be able to stay in the skies above its Southern Ocean habitat for as long as it wants to, only needing to flap its wings every few hours. And what incredible wings they are – at a span of 3.5 meters, (11.5 feet) – the wandering albatross’s wings are the longest of any bird currently on Earth.
The albatross flies so efficiently that it uses less energy in flight than when it’s sitting on dry land!
Albatrosses soar with amazing prowess over the Southern Ocean using a flying technique called dynamic soaring. Dynamic soaring allows albatrosses to tap into the energy of the wind and can be used when the wind speed is higher than 30 km per hour, or 18 mph – which it usually is.
Around the World in 80 46 Days
In 1873, the French writer Jules Verne wrote his famous novel in which Phileas Fogg of London attempts, against all odds, to get ‘Around the World in Eighty Days’ after a newspaper makes the claim that it should be possible to make a complete circuit of Earth in eighty days. Fogg accepts the challenge and, after many adventures, succeeds by the skin of his teeth.
The challenge would not have been a problem for an albatross. In fact, a gray-headed albatross was recorded making a complete circuit of our planet in just 46 days.
We now know that the wandering albatross only comes to dry land when it is time to breed. Once a chick leaves the nest, it may stay at sea for as long as five years.
Albatrosses are long-lived birds, and can live to more than 60 years of age. Sadly, their numbers are declining because of long-line fishing boats. Baited lines up to 130 km (80 miles) in length are pulled behind boats. The albatrosses are attracted to the bait, then get caught on the lines and drowned.
The wandering albatross was first recorded by the Swedish botanist and zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758. Linnaeus also gave the bird its Latin name, Diomedea exulans.